ABSTRACT
Resumen La Sociedad Mexicana de Endocrinología Pediátrica elaboró una guía de práctica clínica para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la pubertad precoz. Este documento presenta recomendaciones relacionadas con las intervenciones para inhibir la pubertad precoz central. La descripción detallada de la metodología para el desarrollo de esta guía y del sistema de gradación, así como la síntesis de la evidencia en la que se basa, pueden consultarse en este mismo suplemento.
Abstract The Mexican Society of Pediatric Endocrinology developed a clinical practice guide for the diagnosis and treatment of precocious puberty. This document presents recommendations related to the interventions for the inhibition of central precocious puberty. The detailed description of the methodology for the development of this guide and the grading system, as well as the synthesis of the evidence on which it is based can be consulted in this same supplement.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Puberty, Precocious/therapy , Puberty, Precocious/diagnosis , MexicoABSTRACT
Targeted chemotherapy represents a modern oncological strategy designed to specifically deliver the chemotherapeutic agents to the tumor site. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor is over-expressed on many types of tumors, and it is present in low or non-detectable quantities in the normal tissues. Thus anti-tumor drugs are specifically delivered to tumor tissues or cells via endocytosis mediated by GnRH receptors and eventually improve its therapeutic efficiency. At present GnRH receptor targeting drug delivery system has been extensively researched, which has greatly increased the drug distribution in tumor sites and improved its stability and solubility and circumvented the development of drug resistance, extended the circulation time in vivo and decreased their peripheral toxicity. This review covers the bioconjugates containing various chemotherapeutic agents, based on GnRH analogs.
ABSTRACT
Evaluar el potencial que tiene la utilización de los análogos de GnRH en la conservación de la función ovárica a mediano y largo plazo en pacientes sometidas a quimioterapia. Se evaluó la recuperación de la función ovárica de 6 pacientes sometidas a tratamiento oncológico que fueron tratadas concomitantemente con análogo de GnRH, mediante la medición de FSH, estradiol sérico y presencia de menstruaciones. En la Clínica Santa Sofía y Salud Chacao, Caracas. Cinco de las seis pacientes evaluadas (83,3 por ciento), recuperaron su función ovárica posterior al tratamiento oncológico y con análogo de GnRH. El uso de análogos de GnRH durante el tratamiento médico oncológico pareciera ser una alternativa válida para la protección de la función ovárica
To evaluate the potential of GnRH analogs use during chemotherapy in the preservation of short and long term ovarian function. Evaluation of ovarian function by measuring FSH, seric estradiol and menses, in six patient after use of GnRH analogs during chemotherapy. Clinica Santa Sofia y Salud Chacao, Caracas. Five of six patients (83,3 percent) reassumed their ovarian function after chemotherapy plus GnRH analog. The use of GnRH seems to be a good alternative to protect ovary function during chemotherapy
Subject(s)
Female , Fertility , Gonadotropins, Pituitary/agonists , Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone , Lymphoma/complications , Drug Therapy/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Precocious puberty is defined as the development of secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. Gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty (GDPP) results from the premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and mimics the physiological pubertal development, although at an inadequate chronological age. Hormonal evaluation, mainly through basal and GnRH-stimulated LH levels shows activation of the gonadotropic axis. Gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty (GIPP) is the result of the secretion of sex steroids, independently from the activation of the gonadotropic axis. Several genetic causes, including constitutive activating mutations in the human LH-receptor gene and activating mutations in the Gs protein a-subunit gene are described as the etiology of testotoxicosis and McCune-Albright syndrome, respectively. The differential diagnosis between GDPP and GIPP has direct implications on the therapeutic option. Long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs are the treatment of choice in GDPP. The treatment monitoring is carried out by clinical examination, hormonal evaluation measurements and image studies. For treatment of GIPP, drugs that act by blocking the action of sex steroids on their specific receptors (cyproterone, tamoxifen) or through their synthesis (ketoconazole, medroxyprogesterone, aromatase inhibitors) are used. In addition, variants of the normal pubertal development include isolated forms of precocious thelarche, precocious pubarche and precocious menarche. Here, we provide an update on the etiology, diagnosis and management of sexual precocity.
A puberdade precoce é definida como o desenvolvimento dos caracteres sexuais secundários antes dos 8 anos nas meninas e dos 9 anos nos meninos. A puberdade precoce dependente de gonadotrofinas (PPDG) resulta da ativação prematura do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-gonadal e mimetiza o desenvolvimento puberal fisiológico, embora em idade cronológica inadequada. A avaliação hormonal, principalmente os valores de LH basal e após estímulo com GnRH exógeno confirmam a ativação do eixo gonadotrófico. A puberdade precoce independente de gonadotrofinas (PPIG) é o resultado da secreção de esteróides sexuais independentemente da ativação do eixo gonadotrófico. Diversas causas genéticas, incluindo mutações ativadoras constitutivas no gene do receptor do LH humano e mutações ativadoras no gene da subunidade a da proteína G representam as etiologias da testotoxicose e da síndrome de McCune Albright, respectivamente. O diagnóstico diferencial entre PPDG e PPIG tem implicação direta na opção terapêutica. Análogos de GnRH de ação prolongada é o tratamento de escolha da PPDG. A monitorização do tratamento da PPDG é realizada pelo exame clínico, avaliação hormonal e exames de imagem. Para o tratamento da PPIG, são usadas drogas que bloqueiam a ação dos esteróides sexuais nos seus receptores específicos (ciproterona, tamoxifeno) ou bloqueiam a sua síntese (cetoconazol, medroxiprogesterona e inibidores da aromatase). Variantes do desenvolvimento puberal normal incluem as formas isoladas de telarca, pubarca e menarca precoces. Nesta revisão, atualizamos a etiologia, o diagnóstico e tratamento da precocidade sexual.